Wearable Sleep Staging: Why Deep Sleep Is Hard to Measure
Can PPG, ECG, and multisensor wearables measure deep sleep? PSG studies find useful sleep trends, uncertain N3 staging, and opaque consumer algorithms at home.
A 10-day Oura mindfulness RCT improved ring-measured sleep and HRV, but a waitlist control and wearable limits fall short of proving a physiological benefit.